The Ultimate Guide to Cat Care
Caring for a cat is a lifelong commitment that goes beyond simply providing food and water. As responsible cat owners, it’s our duty to ensure their physical, emotional, and mental well-being. From nutrition and health to grooming and enrichment, here’s everything you need to know about keeping your feline companion happy and healthy.
Nutrition & Diet: Feeding Your Cat Right
Cats are obligate carnivores, meaning they need a diet high in animal-based protein. Their bodies are not equipped to process plant-based foods in the same way humans or even dogs can, so a balanced, meat-rich diet is vital to their health.
Choosing the Right Cat Food
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Dry food (kibble): Convenient and cost-effective, but ensure it's high-quality with protein as the primary ingredient. Cats need more water, so this type of food should be complemented with wet food to prevent dehydration.
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Wet food (cans/pouches): More natural for cats as it is higher in moisture. This also supports urinary tract health.
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Raw diets: If considering raw food, it's important to consult with a vet to ensure it meets all nutritional needs. Cats can have a high risk of infection from improperly prepared raw meat.
Protein & Nutritional Needs
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Meat-based diet: Always ensure that meat, such as chicken, turkey, or beef, is the main ingredient in their food.
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Essential nutrients: Taurine, arginine, and arachidonic acid are vital for heart health, eye function, and overall well-being.
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Water: Cats do not always drink enough, so wet food is essential for hydration, or you can encourage drinking by offering a water fountain.
Safe & Unsafe Foods for Cats
✅ Safe foods:
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High-quality wet and dry food
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Plain cooked chicken, turkey, or fish (without seasoning)
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Cooked eggs (in moderation)
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Small portions of plain pumpkin (good for digestion)
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🚫 Unsafe foods:
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Onions, garlic, and chives (toxic and can cause anemia)
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Chocolate and caffeine (contain theobromine, toxic to cats)
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Grapes and raisins (can cause kidney failure)
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Dairy products (many cats are lactose intolerant)
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Bones and cooked bones (can splinter and cause internal injuries)
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Should you give your feline milk?
Many people associate cats with drinking milk, but it's a common misconception that milk is a suitable treat for them - especially milk sold in stores, like the Whisker’s brand. In fact, giving your cat or kitten milk can be harmful to their health.
Why Milk Isn't Recommended for Cats
Most adult cats are lactose intolerant, which means they have difficulty digesting lactose, the sugar found in milk. Consuming milk can cause digestive upset, including diarrhoea, vomiting, and general stomach discomfort.
Kitten Milk
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Kittens under 8 weeks should be fed kitten formula, not cow's milk or store-bought milk for adult cats. The milk replacers are designed to provide the nutrients they need for growth and development. Kitten milk should only be given to kittens if they are not nursing from their mother. Always use high-quality kitten milk replacers (such as KMR or Royal Canin Kitten Milk) rather than milk from stores designed for adult cats.
What to Give Your Cat Instead
If you want to treat your cat, there are plenty of safe alternatives:
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Fresh, clean water should always be their primary drink.
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Special cat treats or cat-friendly liquids (such as pet-safe broths) can be a better way to spoil them without causing harm.
Vet & health care
Cats are obligate carnivores, meaning they need a diet high in animal-based protein. Their bodies are not equipped to process plant-based foods in the same way humans or even dogs can, so a balanced, meat-rich diet is vital to their health.
Routine Vet Visits & Vaccinations
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Cats should visit the vet at least once a year for a general health check-up.
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Kittens require vaccinations at 8 and 12 weeks of age, including protection against serious diseases like distemper and feline leukemia.
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Parasite control (fleas, worms, and ticks) should be done regularly. The frequency depends on the lifestyle of the cat and the region, but in general, flea treatments every 4–6 weeks are recommended.
Common Health Concerns
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Dental Health: Dental disease is a common issue for cats. Brushing their teeth daily with a cat-safe toothbrush and toothpaste can help prevent tartar buildup and gum disease.
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Obesity: Cats should be fed appropriate portion sizes, and owners should avoid free-feeding. Overfeeding can lead to obesity, which in turn increases the risk of diabetes and arthritis.
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Vaccination: Routine vaccinations are crucial for preventing diseases. Core vaccines in the UK include feline herpesvirus, feline calicivirus, and panleukopenia, and feline leukemia (FeLV).
Microchipping
Microchipping is mandatory in the UK for all cats over 20 weeks old (as of 2024). This provides a permanent form of identification that helps reunite lost cats with their owners.
Creating a safe & happy home for your cat
A safe and enriching environment is key to your cat’s mental and physical health. Cats are territorial, and they love familiar, secure spaces.
Litter Boxes
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One litter box per cat, plus one extra. (e.g., two cats = three litter boxes).
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Litter choice: Most cats prefer unscented, clumping cat litter. It’s crucial to scoop the litter box at least once a day to maintain cleanliness and avoid urinary issues.
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Location: Place the litter box in a quiet, accessible area away from your cat’s food and water.
Safe Spaces & Hiding Spots
Cats need places to retreat and relax. Consider providing cat trees, scratching posts, or cozy covered beds. These spaces help your cat feel secure, especially in a busy home.
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Exercise & enrichment
Mental and physical stimulation is vital for your cat’s happiness. Enrichment activities help prevent boredom, reduce anxiety, and provide essential exercise.
Interactive Play
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Aim for at least 15-30 minutes of playtime each day. Use toys like feather wands, laser pointers, and interactive feeders to keep your cat engaged.
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Climbing and scratching: Provide scratching posts and climbing structures to allow your cat to exercise its natural instincts.
Grooming Your Cat
Brushing & Coat Care
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Short-haired cats should be brushed once a week to remove loose fur and prevent hairballs.
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Long-haired cats (e.g., Persians, Maine Coons) need daily grooming to avoid matting and tangling.
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Nail trimming should be done regularly. If you’re unsure how to do this, ask your vet to demonstrate.
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Ear and Eye Care
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Check your cat’s ears for any signs of infection (redness, odor, discharge).
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Wipe your cat’s eyes with a soft, damp cloth to keep them clean.